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2.7 identify the chemical elements present in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats and oils)

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2.4 know the similarities and differences in the structure of plant and animal cells

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2.3 describe the functions of the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes and vacuole

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Part Function Nucleus Contains genetic material, which controls the activities of the cell Cytoplasm Most chemical processes take place here, controlled by enzymes Cell membrane Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell Mitochondria Most energy is released by respiration here Ribosomes Protein synthesis happens here Extra parts of plant cells Part Function Cell wall Strengthens the cell Chloroplasts Contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis Permanent vacuole Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell  turgid -BBC Bitesize
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2.2 describe cell structures, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes and vacuole

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Animal cell →The nucleus is in the centre of the cell ↳surrounded by cytoplasm ↳around the outside is the cell membrane. Plant cell →The vacuole in the centre of the cell ↳surrounded by cytoplasm ↳within it is the nucleus and chloroplasts ↳surrounding this is the cell membrane ↳around that is the cell wall.
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2.1 describe the levels of organisation in organisms: organelles, cells, tissues, organs and systems

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organelles ↓ cells ↓ tissues ↓ organs ↓ organ systems
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1.4 understand the term pathogen and know that pathogens may include fungi, bacteria, protoctists or viruses

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Pathogen: a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host. ↳may include fungi, bacteria, protoctists or viruses. Viruses:  - not living - small particles , smaller than bacteria - parasitic and can reproduce only inside living cells - they infect every type of living organism - have a wide variety of shapes and sizes - they have no cellular structure but have a protein coat and contain one type of nucleic acid , either DNA or RNA. - examples include the tobacco mosaic virus that causes discolouring of the leaves of tobacco plants by preventing the formation of chloroplasts, the influenza virus that causes ‘flu’ and the HIV virus that causes AIDS.
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