2.4 know the similarities and differences in the structure of plant and animal cells
2.7 identify the chemical elements present in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats and oils)
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2.8 describe the structure of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids as large molecules made up from smaller basic units: starch and glycogen from simple sugars, protein from amino acids, and lipid from fatty acids and glycerol
MOLECULE STRUCTURE STARCH AND GLYCOGEN Made from Simple Sugars PROTEIN Amino Acids LIPID CARBOHYDRATES Fatty Acids and Glycerol Saccharide Unit (sugar)
1.2 describe the common features shown by eukaryotic organisms: plants, animals, fungi and protoctists
Plants : - multicellular organisms - cells contain chloroplasts - are able to carry out photosynthesis - cells have cellulose cell walls - store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose - examples include: flowering plants, such as a cereal (eg. maize), and a herbaceous legume (eg. peas or beans). Animals: - multicellular organisms - cells do not contain chloroplasts - not able to carry out photosynthesis - no cell walls - store carbohydrate as glycogen - examples: mammals (eg. humans) and insects (eg. housefly and mosquito). Fungi: - not able to carry out photosynthesis - their body is usually organised into a mycelium made from thread-like structures called hyphae , which contain many nuclei - some examples are single-celled - their cells have walls made of chitin - they feed by extracellular secretion of digestive enzymes onto food material and absorption of the organic products ; this is known as saprotrophic nutrition - they store carbohydrate a
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